Yaya Lantarki Motar Slip Ring Aiki?
Zoben zamewa na motar lantarki yana canja wurin wutar lantarki da sigina tsakanin abubuwan da ke tsaye da masu juyawa ta hanyar ci gaba da tuntuɓar goga da zoben ɗabi'a. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar injin rotor masu rauni don sarrafa juriya da sauri ta hanyar haɗa juriya ta waje zuwa da'irar rotor yayin farawa.
Fahimtar Abubuwan Zamewar Zobe na Motar Lantarki
Abubuwan Taro na Farko na Zamewa
Ƙungiyar zoben zamewa ta ƙunshi abubuwa na farko guda biyu waɗanda ke aiki cikin daidaituwa. Zoben da ke jujjuya yana hawa kai tsaye akan ramin motar yana jujjuya dashi, yayin da goga na tsaye yana danna saman zoben don kula da hulɗar lantarki. A cikin injinan shigar da lokaci guda uku{2}, zoben zamewa daban-daban guda uku suna haɗawa zuwa kowane lokaci na juyi mai juyi, yana ba da damar sarrafa kowane da'irar.
An kera zoben da kansu daga kayan aiki masu ƙarfi kamar jan ƙarfe, gami da jan karfe, ko bakin karfe. Waɗannan kayan dole ne su daidaita ƙarfin aiki tare da dorewa tunda suna fuskantar gogayya akai-akai yayin aiki. An ƙera diamita na waje santsi don rage lalacewa da kuma kula da daidaitaccen ingancin lamba a tsawon rayuwar sabis ɗin motar.
Tsarin Tuntuɓar Brush a cikin Zobba na Zamewar Motar Lantarki
Gogayen carbon suna aiki azaman wuraren tuntuɓar juna a cikin tsarin zoben zamewa. Waɗannan gogaggun ana ɗora su a kan zoben da ke jujjuya, suna riƙe da matsa lamba don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin lantarki. Kayayyakin carbon yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kyakykyawan ɗabi'a, kayan shafa mai kai{3}, da halayen lalacewa masu karɓuwa.
Kowane goga yana amfani da matsi mai sarrafawa daga 1.5 zuwa 3.5 psi dangane da girman motar da buƙatun aikace-aikace. Dole ne wannan matsa lamba ya isa don kula da hulɗa ba tare da haifar da juzu'i mai yawa ba wanda zai hanzarta lalacewa. Masu riƙon goga na zamani sun haɗa da hanyoyin daidaitawa waɗanda ke rama lalacewar goga akan lokaci, ƙara tazarar kulawa.
Abubuwan da ke cikin carbon yawanci ya haɗa da graphite gauraye da jan ƙarfe ko wasu kayan aiki don haɓaka aiki. Mafi girman abun ciki na jan karfe yana ƙara haɓaka aiki amma yana iya rage rayuwar goga, yayin da gogewar graphite mai tsafta yana daɗe amma yana da tsayin juriyar lamba. Masu kera suna zaɓar ƙayyadaddun ƙira bisa yanayin aiki da buƙatun aiki.
Yadda Lantarki Motar Zamewa Sarrafa Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru
Juriya na Waje da Ƙarfin Karfi
Aikin farko na zoben zamewa a cikin injin induction rotor na rauni yana ba da damar shigar da juriya na waje yayin farawa. Lokacin da motar ta yi ƙarfi, babban juriyar rotor da aka haɗa ta cikin zoben zamewa yana daidaita na'ura mai juzu'i fiye da - tare da stator current. Wannan daidaitawar lokaci yana samar da karfin farawa mai girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da injin keji na squirrel.
Juriya na waje yana rage reactance inductive a cikin da'irar rotor, yana rage bambance-bambancen lokaci tsakanin jawo EMF da gudana na yanzu. Yayin da wannan kusurwar matakin ke gabatowa mafi kyawun yanayin jujjuyawar, motar tana samar da 200{2}250% na cikarsa{4}}ƙara a lokacin farawa yayin zana sau 6-7 kawai na yanzu fiye da sau 10-12 na ƙirar kejin squirrel.
Tsarin Rage Juriya a Motocin Slip Ring
Yayin da rotor ke haɓaka zuwa saurin aiki, juriya na waje yana raguwa a hankali a matakai. Wannan raguwar takun yana kiyaye kusa da - madaidaicin juzu'i a duk tsawon lokacin haɓakawa, yana ba da farawa mai sauƙi a ƙarƙashin kaya masu nauyi. Masu sarrafa masana'antu yawanci suna amfani da matakan juriya 3-7 dangane da ƙimar wutar lantarki da buƙatun aikace-aikace.
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin zamewa da juriya tana biye da ma'auni: matsakaicin zamewar juriya ya yi daidai da juriya na rotor. A lokacin farawa tare da matsakaicin juriya na waje, motar tana samun nasarar fitar da karfin juyi a cikin ƙananan gudu. Misali, idan motar tana buƙatar zamewa 10% a saurin ƙididdigewa, ƙara juriya na waje sau tara juriya na rotor yana haifar da matsakaicin ƙarfi a farawa.
Da zarar motar ta kai kusan kashi 90 -97% na saurin aiki tare, zamewar ta yi gajeriyar kewayawa da goge goge daga saman zoben. Motar ta yi aiki iri ɗaya zuwa ƙirar kejin squirrel amma tana riƙe fa'idar farawa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda aikace-aikacen masana'antu masu nauyi ke buƙata.
Aikace-aikacen Zoben Zamewa da Motar Lantarki da Abubuwan Amfani
Manyan Kayan Aikin Masana'antu
Motocin zobe na zamewa sun yi fice a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban karfin farawa tare da sarrafa hanzari. Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai suna amfani da waɗannan injina don murƙushewa da injin ƙwallon ƙwallon da ke farawa ƙarƙashin nauyi. Ƙarfin haɓaka mafi girman juzu'i a ƙananan gudu yana sanya ƙirar zoben zamewa mahimmanci don kayan sarrafa kayan aiki tare da babban rashin ƙarfi.
Cranes da masu hawan hawa suna wakiltar wani muhimmin aikace-aikacen inda injinan zoben zamewa ke ba da babban ƙarfin farawa da sarrafa saurin canzawa. Motar zoben zamewar 125 kW na iya ɗaukar kaya a hankali daga tsayawa yayin kiyaye ƙa'idodin saurin gudu a cikin kewayon aiki. Wannan ikon sarrafawa ya zarce abin da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun motocin keji na squirrel ɗin za su iya cimma ba tare da hadaddun kayan aikin lantarki ba.
Elevators, musamman tsofaffin shigarwa da na'urorin jigilar kaya masu nauyi{0}, akai-akai suna amfani da injunan zobe na zamewa. Ƙirar ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu dacewa da tsarin lif marasa gear suna amfana daga halayen juzu'i da juriya da yawa waɗanda fasahar zobe ke bayarwa. Abubuwan shigarwa na zamani suna ƙara yin amfani da injin mitar mitoci masu canzawa tare da injin keji na squirrel, amma ƙirar zoben zobe suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin sabis inda aminci da sauƙi na inji ya fi dacewa da la'akari.
Kayayyakin Tsarin Masana'antu tare da Motoci na Zamewa
Na'urori masu jigilar kaya masu nauyi sun dogara da injunan zobe na zamewa don shawo kan rikice-rikice a lokacin farawa. Juriya na waje yana ba da damar haɓakawa a hankali wanda ke hana girgiza inji zuwa tsarin tuƙi da kayan da ake jigilar su. Masu jigilar belt a cikin masana'antar siminti galibi suna amfani da injin zobe na zamewa wanda aka kimanta har zuwa 8,000 kW saboda wannan dalili.
Manya-manyan fanfuna da famfo a cikin masana'antu suna amfani da injunan zobe na zamewa lokacin da ake buƙatar aiki mai saurin gudu ba tare da na'urorin lantarki na zamani ba. Daidaita juriya na rotor yana ba da ikon sarrafa sauri daga 25% zuwa 100% na saurin ƙididdigewa, kodayake inganci yana raguwa a rage saurin gudu. Sauƙin juriya - tushen sarrafa saurin gudu ya sa wannan fasaha ta yi rinjaye kafin mitoci masu canzawa su zama masu amfani da tattalin arziki.
Injin turbin na iska, musamman tsofaffin megawatt{0}tsararrun azuzuwan, haɗe da ƙirar zoben zamewa a cikin daidaitawar induction janareta sau biyu{1}. Zobba na zamewa sun ba da damar haɓaka wutar lantarki daga duka da'irori na stator da na'ura mai juyi, haɓaka inganci a cikin saurin iska mai canzawa. Yayin da sabbin tuƙi na kai tsaye{4}} da ƙirar maganadisu na dindindin ke maye gurbinsu, dubunnan injin injin ɗin zamewa suna ci gaba da aiki a duniya.
Kula da Tsarin Zobe na Motar Lantarki
Tsare-tsare da Tsabtace Na yau da kullun
Dubawa akai-akai na goge-goge da zobba yana hana gazawar da ba zato ba tsammani kuma yana tsawaita rayuwar motar. Masu fasaha suna duba tsawon buroshi kowane sa'o'in aiki 1,000-2,000 dangane da zagayowar aiki da yanayin muhalli. Brush yawanci yana buƙatar maye gurbin lokacin sawa zuwa 30-40% na tsawon asali don kula da isassun matsi na bazara da ingancin lamba.
Wurin zamewar zobe yana buƙatar tsaftacewa lokaci-lokaci don cire ƙurar carbon da iskar oxygen da ke taruwa yayin aiki. gurɓatattun zoben suna ƙara juriyar lamba, suna haifar da zafi wanda ke hanzarta lalacewa. Tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi shafan saman zobe tare da abubuwan da suka dace yayin jujjuya igiya da hannu don samun damar duk kewayen.
Duban mariƙin goge goge yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen tashin hankali na bazara da daidaitawa. Rarraunan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna rage matsa lamba, haifar da tsangwama da saurin lalacewa. Masu riƙe da ba daidai ba suna haifar da rarrabawar matsatsi mara daidaituwa, sanye da tsagi a saman zobe. Maye gurbin sawa masu riko da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna kula da daidaitaccen aiki tsakanin manyan gyare-gyare.
Halayen gazawar Zoben Wutar Lantarki gama gari
Yawan lalacewa yana bayyana azaman tsagi ko lebur a saman zobe wanda ya haifar da rashin isassun man shafawa, gurɓatawa, ko matsi mara kyau. Tsanani mai tsanani yana buƙatar injin zobe ko sauyawa, yawanci ana yin su yayin gyaran mota da aka tsara. Ana iya goge ƙananan ƙarancin saman ƙasa yayin kiyayewa na yau da kullun.
Bibiyar wutar lantarki yana faruwa lokacin da ƙurar carbon ke haifar da hanyoyi tsakanin zobe ko zuwa ƙasa. Wannan yana bayyana azaman ƙarar hayaniya, aiki mara kyau, ko kuskuren ɗan lokaci. Tsaftacewa sosai da ingantaccen zaɓin goga suna warware yawancin al'amuran bin diddigi. Lamurra masu tsanani na iya buƙatar maye gurbin rufi.
Goga gajiyar bazara yana rage matsa lamba akan lokaci, musamman ma a cikin mahalli mai girma-. Maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa suna haifar da zance wanda ke lalata goge da zobe. Maye gurbin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa bisa ga shawarwarin masana'anta yana hana wannan yanayin gazawar ci gaba. Motoci na zamani suna amfani da lalata{4}}kayan bazara masu jurewa waɗanda ke kula da tashin hankali har tsawon sa'o'in aiki 10,{6}.
Abũbuwan amfãni da Ƙayyadaddun Zoben Zamewar Motocin Lantarki
Babban Fa'idodin Fasahar Motar Slip Ring
Babban fa'idar mashinan zobe na zamewa shine babban karfin farawa tare da sarrafa inrush na yanzu. Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar 200{4} 300% fara fa'ida sosai idan aka kwatanta da madadin kejin squirrel wanda yawanci ke samar da 150-200% a farawa. Wannan fa'idar juzu'i yana rage buƙatar manyan injuna ko hadaddun kayan aikin farawa mai laushi.
Canjin saurin saurin canzawa ba tare da faifan lantarki ba yana wakiltar wata fa'ida mai mahimmanci. Daidaita juriya na waje yana ba da 4: 1 saurin gudu wanda ya dace da yawancin hanyoyin masana'antu. Yayin da inganci yana raguwa a rage saurin gudu, sauƙi da ƙarfi na sarrafa juriya sun sanya mashin ɗin zoben zamewa zaɓi na tarihi don aikace-aikacen saurin canzawa.
Ikon farawa ƙarƙashin cikakken kaya yana bambanta ƙirar zobe na zamewa daga injin keji na squirrel. Masu isar ma'adinai, injinan murƙushewa, da masana'anta galibi ba za su iya fara sauke kaya ba, suna mai da mashinan zobe mai mahimmanci. Haɓakawa mai sarrafawa yana hana girgiza injina wanda zai iya lalata kayan aiki ko rushe kwararar kayan.
Matsalolin Fasahar Zobe na Slip a cikin Motoci
Bukatun kulawa sun zarce na injin keji na squirrel saboda goga da sawar zobe. Dole ne kayan aiki su tanadi goge goge da kuma kula da jadawalin tsaftacewa. Kudin aiki don dubawa da kulawa sun taru akan rayuwar sabis ɗin motar, yana daidaita ƙananan farashin sayan farko a wasu aikace-aikacen.
Ƙarƙashin ingantaccen aiki idan aka kwatanta da injinan keji na squirrel mai tushe daga juriya na zobe na zamewa da asarar jan ƙarfe a cikin resistors na waje. A cikin cikakken sauri tare da gajerun zobe, ingantaccen aiki yana fuskantar matakan keji na squirrel, amma yayin aikin sarrafa saurin, asara yana ƙaruwa sosai. Motar zoben zamewa da ke aiki a saurin 50% na iya aiki da inganci 70-75% kawai.
Girman jiki da rikitarwa yana ƙaruwa saboda taron zoben zamewa, masu riƙe da goga, da bankunan juriya na waje. Motar zoben zamewa yawanci tana auna 15-25% fiye da daidaitaccen motar kejin squirrel. Zoben zamewa da gogaggen da aka fallasa suna haifar da ƙarin damuwa na muhalli, iyakance amfani a wurare masu haɗari ko ƙura ba tare da shinge na musamman ba.
Madadin Zamani Zuwa Zoben Zamewar Motocin Lantarki
Canjin Mitar Mota da Maganin Magnet Dindindin
Motoci masu canzawa suna da mafi girman maye gurbin mashinan zobe na zamewa a cikin sabbin kayan aiki. VFDs suna ba da ingantaccen sarrafa saurin gudu, inganci mafi girma, da kawar da abubuwan lalacewa na inji. Motar kejin squirrel tare da VFD yana cimma iyakar saurin 0{3}}100% yayin da yake kiyaye inganci na dindindin, fa'idodin zamewar fasahar zobe ba zai dace ba.
Dindindin na'urorin haɗin gwiwar maganadisu suna ba da wani madadin, musamman a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban inganci da ƙaramin girman girman. Waɗannan injinan suna kawar da iska mai jujjuyawa gaba ɗaya, suna cire buƙatar zoben zamewa ko goge. Kasuwancin - ya haɗa da mafi girman farashi na farko da iyakantaccen nauyi idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar ƙira.
Duk da waɗannan hanyoyin, injinan zoben zamewa sun kasance masu dacewa a takamaiman aikace-aikace. Abubuwan da ke wanzu suna ci gaba da aiki saboda ingantaccen abin dogaro da babban kuɗin maye gurbin. Hanyoyin haɓakawa sun haɗa da sake gyara abubuwan sarrafawa na zamani da mafi girma{2}} goge goge don tsawaita rayuwar sabis maimakon cikakken maye gurbin mota.
Haɓaka Fasaha ta Zamewa Mara waya
Hanyoyin canja wurin wutar lantarki masu tasowa suna amfani da haɗin gwiwar maganadisu don kawar da hulɗar jiki tsakanin abubuwan da ke tsaye da masu juyawa. Waɗannan zoben zamewa marasa lamba suna ba da rayuwa ta jujjuyawa mara iyaka tunda babu lalacewa ta inji. Ƙarfin canja wurin wutar lantarki a halin yanzu yana iyakance ƙira mara waya zuwa watsa sigina da ƙananan aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki{{2}, kodayake fasaha na ci gaba da ci gaba.
Haɗaɗɗen filin maganadisu yana aiki a mitoci daga ɗaruruwan kilohertz zuwa megahertz da yawa, yana haifar da halin yanzu a cikin jujjuyawar na'urorin mai karɓa daga madaurin watsawa. Yawan aiki yana kaiwa 85-95% dangane da tazarar iska da mitar aiki. Watsawar bayanai na iya ninkawa tare da canja wurin wutar lantarki ta amfani da rarrabuwar mita ko dabarun yanki-lokaci.
Tuntuɓi na al'ada{0}sungiyoyin zamewar zobe har yanzu suna watsa oda mafi girma a daidai girma idan aka kwatanta da madadin mara waya. Taron zoben zamewa na al'ada wanda aka ƙididdige 2000A a kowane da'irar yana mamaye sarari iri ɗaya zuwa tsarin sarrafa mara waya watakila 50A. Wannan gibin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana iyakance fasahar mara waya zuwa aikace-aikacen alkuki inda kawar da kulawa ta tabbatar da rage ƙarfin.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Menene babban manufar zamewa zoben a cikin injinan lantarki?
Zobba na zamewa suna ba da haɗin juriya na waje zuwa raunin rotor windings, kyale babban karfin farawa da sarrafa saurin gudu. Suna canja wurin siginonin lantarki daga lambobin goga masu tsaye zuwa da'ira mai jujjuyawar jujjuyawar ba tare da tangling wayoyi ba.
Yaya tsawon lokacin goge zoben zamewar motar lantarki ke ɗauka?
Rayuwar goge goge ta bambanta daga sa'o'in aiki 2,000 zuwa 10,000 dangane da nauyi na yanzu, yanayin muhalli, da abun gogewa. Dubawa na yau da kullun kowane sa'o'i 1,000-2,000 yana gano lalacewa kafin goge goge ya kai mafi ƙarancin tsayin da aka yarda.
Za a iya zamewa injunan zobe suna ci gaba da gudana kamar injin keji na squirrel?
Ee, Motocin zobe na zamewa suna ci gaba da aiki da zarar gajeriyar juriya ta waje -dagaru da goge-goge a cikin cikakken sauri. Kudin gudu yana ƙaruwa saboda buƙatun kulawa, amma ci gaba da iya aiki yayi daidai da ƙirar kejin squirrel.
Me yasa tsarin VFD ke maye gurbin mashinan zoben zobe?
Motoci masu canzawa tare da injin keji na squirrel suna ba da ingantacciyar inganci, faffadan saurin gudu, da kawar da abubuwan lalacewa na inji. Mafi girman farashi na farko na tsarin VFD yana biyan baya ta hanyar rage kulawa da tanadin makamashi a yawancin aikace-aikace.
Tushen Bayanai:
Wikipedia - Zamewa zobe da Rauni rotor labarin mota
Tips Control Motion - Zamewa zobe a cikin aikace-aikacen mota
BGB Innovation - Siffar fasahar zobe ta zamewa
ABB Motion - Manyan aikace-aikacen motoci a cikin hakar ma'adinai
JM Masana'antu - Kula da zoben zamewa da aiki