Za a iya Zamewa Zobba da Brush Carbon Aiki Tare?
Zoben zamewa da gogayen carbon suna aiki azaman tsarin haɗin kai inda gogayen carbon ɗin suna danna kan zoben zamewa masu jujjuya don ci gaba da hulɗar wutar lantarki. Gogashin ya kasance a tsaye yayin da zoben zamewa ke juyawa, yana ba da damar wutar lantarki mara yankewa da watsa sigina tsakanin a tsaye da abubuwan motsi a cikin injin lantarki.
Yadda Zamewa Zoben da Gogayen Carbon Ke Ƙirƙirar Cikakkun Tsari
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin zoben zamewa da gogewar carbon tana wakiltar ɗayan manyan haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar injiniyan lantarki. Waɗannan sassan ba kawai suna aiki tare ba{1} musamman an tsara su azaman ƙarin rabin hanyar canja wurin lantarki ɗaya.
Zoben zamewa yana ƙunshe da zoben ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi wanda aka ɗora akan sandar juyawa. Kayayyakin gama gari sun haɗa da jan ƙarfe, tagulla, ko gawa na azurfa waɗanda aka zaɓa don ingantaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Zoben yana ci gaba da juyawa tare da shaft, ƙirƙirar ɓangaren motsi na haɗin lantarki.
Gogayen carbon suna aiki azaman takwaransa na tsaye. Waɗannan tubalan na carbon -ananan kayan aiki ana riƙe su a kan saman zoben zamewa ta hanyar bazara{2}}wayoyin da aka ɗora wa waɗanda ke kula da daidaitaccen matsin lamba. Yayin da zoben zamewa ke jujjuyawa, goga yana tsayawa a tsaye, yana zamewa a saman zoben yayin da yake gudanar da wutar lantarki tsakanin sassa masu jujjuyawa da na tsaye na tsarin.
Haɗin jiki tsakanin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa yana haifar da abin da injiniyoyi ke kira "sliding electronic interface." Duk da motsin dangi akai-akai, wannan haɗin gwiwar yana kula da hanyar lantarki mara karye. Matsi na goga, yawanci daga 150 zuwa 400 cN/cm², yana tabbatar da amintaccen lamba ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba wanda zai hanzarta lalacewa.
Injin Tuntuɓi dalla-dalla
Lokacin da zoben zamewa ke juyawa ƙarƙashin goshin carbon, dubunnan wuraren tuntuɓar mahalli suna samuwa tsakanin saman biyun. Bincike a cikin aikin goga na carbon yana nuna waɗannan wuraren tuntuɓar suna haifar da madaidaiciyar hanyoyin yanzu ta cikin kayan goga. A cikin goga mai girman 0.25" x 0.25", kusan wuraren tuntuɓar mutum 4,000 na iya wanzuwa lokaci guda.
Wannan gine-ginen lamba da yawa{0} yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa. Na farko, yana rarraba kwararar halin yanzu a duk fuskar goga maimakon tattara shi a maki guda. Na biyu, idan tabobin tuntuɓar mutum ɗaya ya rabu na ɗan lokaci saboda rawar jiki ko rashin ka'ida, sauran lambobin sadarwa suna ci gaba da da'ira. Na uku, tsarin tuntuɓar da aka rarraba yana rage juriyar wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar lamba ɗaya{4}.
Ingancin saman zoben zamewa yana tasiri sosai ga wannan hanyar sadarwa. Masu masana'anta yawanci suna ƙididdige ƙarewar saman tsakanin 0.4 zuwa 1.6 micrometers Ra (matsakaicin rashin ƙarfi). Fuskokin da suke da santsi suna iya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali da ƙara ƙarar wutar lantarki. Fuskokin da ke da tsauri sosai suna hanzarta lalacewa kuma suna iya lalata fuskar goga ta hanyar lalata.
Dacewar Abu Tsakanin Zoben Zamewa da Gogayen Carbon
Zaɓin kayan abu don zoben zamewa da gogewar carbon yana bin ƙa'idodin injiniya a hankali don haɓaka aikin lantarki, lalacewa na inji, da tsawon rayuwan aiki. Dole ne kayan aikin su yi aiki tare azaman nau'i-nau'i na tribological{1}tsarin inji inda saman biyu ke tafiya dangane da juna.
Abubuwan Slip Ring Materials da Abokan Brush Carbon Su
Tagulla da Brass Slip Rings
Zoben zamewar tagulla waɗanda aka haɗa tare da graphite ko jan ƙarfe{0}} gogewar graphite suna wakiltar mafi yawan tsari a aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Copper yana ba da ƙarfin lantarki na kusan 58 MS/m (miliyan siemens a kowace mita) akan farashi mai ma'ana. Lokacin da zoben zamewar jan ƙarfe ke aiki tare da goge goge mai tsafta, kayan shafa na graphite suna haifar da fim ɗin oxide mai fa'ida akan saman jan ƙarfe wanda a zahiri yana rage lalacewa akan lokaci.
Copper - graphite brushes, wanda ya ƙunshi 20 -40% jan karfe foda wanda aka gauraye da graphite, yana samar da ingantacciyar ƙarfin ɗaukan aiki na yanzu{3}} don manyan aikace-aikacen wuta. Na'urorin injin injin iska, alal misali, yawanci suna amfani da gogashin graphite na jan karfe 40mm x 20mm x 100mm akan zoben zamewar jan ƙarfe don ɗaukar igiyoyin filin da suka wuce 1,000 amperes.
Azurfa da Zinariya Zamewa Zobba
Manyan aikace-aikace{0}waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaramar hayaniyar lantarki nau'i biyu na azurfa ko zinariya{1}Plated zoben zamewa tare da azurfa{2}} goge goge. Azurfa yana ba da ƙarfin aiki mafi girma fiye da tagulla (63 MS/m) kuma yana samar da ingantaccen yanayin sadarwa. Azurfa{6} graphite brushes, mai ɗauke da 30-50% na foda na azurfa, suna da ƙarancin juriya kuma suna samar da ƙaramar ƙarar hayaniyar lantarki-mahimmanci ga ainihin kayan aiki da aikace-aikacen watsa bayanai.
Waɗannan haɗin ƙarfe masu daraja sun fi tsada fiye da tsarin jan ƙarfe{0}. Gudun graphite na azurfa na iya biyan kuɗi sau 5{4} Koyaya, a cikin aikace-aikace kamar kayan aikin hoto na likita ko kayan aikin sararin samaniya, ingantaccen sigina yana tabbatar da kashe kuɗi.
Tagulla da Bakin Karfe Zoben Zamewa
Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantacciyar juriyar lalacewa, tagulla ko bakin karfe zamewar zoben zoben biyu tare da gogashin ƙarfe{0} graphite. Zoben zamewar bakin karfe suna ba da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata amma suna gudanar da wutar lantarki kusan 2{4}} 3% da kuma jan karfe. Wannan cinikin yana da ma'ana a muhallin ruwa ko wuraren sarrafa sinadarai inda lalata zai lalata saman jan karfe da sauri.
Ƙarfe{0}Grafite buroshi don zoben zamewar karfe yawanci suna ɗauke da tagulla ko foda ta tagulla don rama ƙarancin aikin ƙarfen. Jimlar juriyar tsarin yana ƙaruwa idan aka kwatanta da tagulla -akan{3}} ƙirar tagulla, amma tsawon rayuwar injina yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin mahalli mara kyau.
Ka'idodin Aiki: Matsi na lamba da Canja wurin Wutar Lantarki
Tsarin bazara wanda ke riƙe da gogayen carbon a kan zoben zamewa yana yin amfani da ingantacciyar manufa fiye da ci gaba da tuntuɓar kawai. Matsin lokacin bazara yana tasiri kai tsaye juriya na lantarki, lalacewa na inji, da samar da zafi a goga{1}}aramin zobe.
Mafi kyawun Matsalolin Matsalolin Tuntuɓar Sadarwa
Injiniyoyin yawanci suna tsara tsarin bazara don isar da 150-400 cN/cm² (centinewtons kowace santimita murabba'in) na matsin lamba. Wannan kewayon yana wakiltar ma'auni a hankali:
Ƙananan Matsi (150-200 cN/cm²): Ya dace don ƙaramar watsa siginar wuta ({0}) inda rage juriya da lalacewa ke ɗaukar fifiko akan haɓaka ƙarfin halin yanzu. Kayan aikin likita da kayan aiki galibi suna aiki a wannan kewayon.
Matsakaicin Matsakaicin (200-300 cN/cm²): Standard for general masana'antu Motors da janareta. Wannan kewayon matsin lamba yana ba da amintaccen haɗin wutar lantarki yayin kiyaye tsawon rayuwar goga.
Mafi Girma (300-400 cN/cm²): Ana amfani da shi a manyan aikace-aikace{0} na yanzu inda rage juriyar lamba ke ɗaukar fifiko. Koyaya, ƙara matsa lamba yana haɓaka lalacewa akan duka goge da zoben zamewa.
Misali mai aiki yana kwatanta matsi na matsi: A cikin injin injin injin iska, idan an ajiye goga na carbon gram 300 a saman zoben zamewa da kuma wani goga iri ɗaya a ƙasa, ƙarfin nauyi yana haifar da bambancin matsa lamba 30% a tsakanin su. Wannan asymmetry yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na yanzu kuma yana iya haifar da zafi mai zafi akan saman zoben zamewa.
Canja wurin Yanzu da Gudanar da Zafi
Lokacin da wutar lantarki ke gudana ta cikin goga ta zamewar zoben zobe, da yawa matakai na jiki suna faruwa a lokaci guda. Juriyar tuntuɓar sadarwa tana haifar da zafi bisa ga dabarar P=I²R, inda P ke ɓatar da wuta azaman zafi, Ina halin yanzu, kuma R shine juriyar lamba.
Don taron zobe na zamewa na masana'antu na yau da kullun da ke aiki a 200 amperes tare da jimlar juriya na 0.01 ohms, zafin da aka haifar yayi daidai da watts 400. Wannan zafi dole ne ya bazu ta cikin jikin zoben zamewa, da iskar da ke kewaye, da goga da kanta don hana lalacewar zafi.
Matsakaicin yanayin yanayin aiki mai aminci don haɗin haɗin sadarwa yawanci kewayo daga digiri 80{2}}120 dangane da kayan. Tsarukan graphite na jan ƙarfe gabaɗaya suna jure yanayin zafi sama da tsaftataccen tsarin graphite. Lokacin da yanayin mu'amala ya zarce iyakoki masu aminci, hanyoyin lalata da yawa suna haɓaka: ƙarar goge goge, iskar shaka na jan karfe, da yuwuwar lalacewar yanayin zafi ga kayan rufewa.
Kai - Samar da Fina-Finan Lubricating
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki na aikin goga na carbon ya haɗa da samar da fim ɗin lubricating microscopic a wurin sadarwa. Kamar yadda graphite goge ke zamewa a kan zoben zamewar ƙarfe, aikin injina da zafi mai zafi yana haifar da barbashi graphite don canjawa zuwa saman zoben zamewa, ƙirƙirar fim yawanci kauri 1-10 micrometers.
Wannan fim ɗin yana aiki da ayyuka da yawa. Yana aiki azaman mai mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yana rage ƙimar juzu'i daga kusan 0.3 ( busasshen ƙarfe -akan - carbon) zuwa 0.15-0.2 (tare da akwai fim ɗin). Fim ɗin kuma yana sassaukar rashin daidaituwar yanayin ƙasa kuma yana ba da ƙarin daidaitaccen yanayin tuntuɓar wutar lantarki. Nazarin aikin goga na carbon ya nuna cewa ingantattun fina-finai suna haɓaka tsawon rayuwar goga da zamewa.
Samar da fim yana buƙatar takamaiman yanayin muhalli. Dangantakar zafi tsakanin 40-70% yana inganta ingantaccen ci gaban fim. A cikin busassun mahalli da ke ƙasa da 30% zafi na dangi, fina-finai bazai yi kyau ba, wanda zai haifar da ƙara lalacewa da yuwuwar harba wutar lantarki. Sabanin haka, yawan zafin jiki sama da 80% na iya haifar da gurɓataccen yanayi wanda ke ƙara zubar da wutar lantarki.
Kanfigareshan Aikace-aikace A Faɗin Masana'antu
Zoben zamewa da haɗin gwiwar goga na carbon sun dace da buƙatun inji da na lantarki daban-daban a cikin masana'antu. Kowane aikace-aikacen yana ba da ƙalubale na musamman waɗanda ke tasiri tsarin ƙira da zaɓin kayan aiki.
Rauni Rotor Induction Motors
Motocin shigar da zobe na zamewa, wanda kuma ake kira raunin rotor Motors, yi amfani da zoben zamewa da gogewar carbon don haɗa da'irar juriya na waje zuwa iskar rotor. Wannan saitin yana ba da damar sarrafa madaidaicin saurin gudu da babban juzu'in farawa{1} fa'idodi waɗanda ke tabbatar da ƙarin rikitarwa da kulawa idan aka kwatanta da injin keji na squirrel.
A cikin waɗannan injinan, zoben zamewa guda uku suna hawa akan mashin rotor, kowanne yana haɗi zuwa lokaci ɗaya na iskar rotor ɗin lokaci guda uku-. Gogayen carbon guda uku suna danna kan waɗannan zoben, suna haɗawa ta hanyar resistors na waje don sarrafa halin yanzu na rotor. A lokacin farawar mota, matsakaicin juriya yana iyakance inrush na yanzu kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin farawa. Yayin da motar ke haɓakawa, juriya na raguwa har sai an cire goge goge daga zoben zamewa don aiki na yau da kullun, yana kawar da lalacewa yayin tafiya mai tsayi{4}}.
Masana'antu na sarrafawa musamman suna ba da motocin rotor masu rauni don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar farawa mai laushi da daidaitaccen sarrafa saurin gudu. Crushers, niƙa, da kuma manyan magoya baya suna amfana daga ƙwanƙwasawa mai santsi da magudanar igiyar ƙarfi waɗanda waɗannan injinan ke samarwa. Motar rotor mai rauni na HP 1,000 na yau da kullun na iya amfani da zoben zamewa 200mm a diamita tare da girman goga na 40mm x 25mm x 100mm, sarrafa igiyoyin ruwa na 300-500 amperes.
Injin Injin iska
Motocin iska na zamani suna gabatar da buƙatu na musamman don zoben zamewa da tsarin goga na carbon. Babban taron zamewar zoben zobe dole ne ya canza wurin samar da wutar lantarki daga nacelle mai jujjuya zuwa tsarin lantarki na hasumiya mai tsayi yayin da yake jure matsanancin yanayin zafi, girgiza, da bayyanar yanayi.
Babban janareta na injin injin iska mai karfin 2-3MW yana amfani da majalissar zoben zamewa tare da da'irori 6-12 don sarrafa duka watsa wutar lantarki da siginar sarrafawa. Zoben wuta na iya ɗaukar amperes 1,000-2,000 a 690 volts, yayin da ƙananan zoben sigina ke watsa bayanai don tsarin kulawa da da'irori. Dole ne dukkan taron su yi aiki da dogaro a yanayin zafi daga -40 digiri zuwa digiri +80 a cikin mahalli masu zafi, fesa gishiri, da yuwuwar samuwar kankara.
Aikace-aikacen injin turbin iska suna ƙara yin amfani da ƙwararrun azurfa{0}} graphite don ƙaddamar da zoben ƙasa. Bincike a cikin tsarin ƙasa na shaft ya nuna cewa gazawar goga na ƙasa yana ba da gudummawa sosai don ɗaukar lalacewa daga tsayayyen fitarwa. Azurfa -Grafite grade K297, musamman ƙera don aikace-aikacen saukar da injin turbin, yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki a cikin ƙananan yanayi-humi, ƙarancin{6}}wurin yanayin zafi inda madaidaicin jan ƙarfe{7}} graphite goge zai haifar da lalacewa da yawa.
Radar Juyawa da Tsarin Sadarwa
Tsarin radar na soja da na farar hula suna buƙatar zoben zamewa da gogewar carbon don isar da ƙarfi da manyan sigina na mitoci masu yawa zuwa taron eriya masu ci gaba da juyawa. Waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar ƙaramar ƙarar ƙarar wutar lantarki da tsayayyen watsa sigina yayin da eriya ke kammala dubban jujjuyawar sa'a.
Zoben zamewar radar yawanci suna amfani da azurfa{0}farantin zoben zoben da azurfa{1}}wasan graphite don rage juriyar lamba. Watsa sigina a mitoci har zuwa gigahertz da yawa na buƙatar ingantaccen halayen lantarki. Bambance-bambancen juriya na tuntuɓar ƙanana kamar 0.001 ohms na iya gabatar da ƙarar siginar da ba za a yarda da ita ba a cikin da'irori masu karɓa.
Na'urorin radar na ci gaba na iya amfani da gogashin fiber na ƙarfe maimakon gogewar carbon na gargajiya don kewaya sigina. Waɗannan goge goge sun ƙunshi dubban zaruruwan ƙarfe sirara sosai (yawanci 0.001-0.002) diamita) waɗanda ke yin tuntuɓar saman zoben zamewa a ƙarƙashin matsin haske. Gogayen fiber na ƙarfe suna nuna ƙaramar ƙarar wutar lantarki da tsawon rayuwa fiye da gogewar carbon a cikin aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi, kodayake yana da tsada sosai.
Kayan aikin Hoto na Likita
Na'urorin daukar hoto na CT (wanda aka ƙididdige su) suna misalta zoben zamewa mafi buƙata da aikace-aikacen goga na carbon. Gantry mai jujjuyawar da ke ɗauke da bututun ray na X- dole ne su cika juyi 3{3}} 4 a cikin daƙiƙa guda yayin da ake isar da kilowatts na wutar lantarki zuwa tsarin tsara X-ray da gigabits a cikin sakan daya na bayanai daga jerin abubuwan ganowa zuwa kwamfutocin sarrafa hoto.
Zoben Scanner na CT na zamani suna haɗa watsa wutar lantarki, watsa sigina, da tashoshi na bayanan fiber optic a cikin ƙaramin taro guda ɗaya. Zoben wuta suna ɗaukar kilowatts 50 - 100 a ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa 800V DC. Zoben sigina na kusa da ke ɗauke da sarrafawa da bayanan sa ido dole ne su kiyaye amincin sigina duk da tsangwama na lantarki daga manyan da'irori masu ƙarfi na kusa.
Abubuwan buƙatun marufi{0} galibi ana takurawa zuwa 500{2}} diamita 600mm{4}}yana buƙatar kayan haɓakawa da ƙima na ƙira. Azurfa - graphite a kan zoben zamewa da zinare suna ba da haɗin da ake buƙata na ƙaramar amo, babban ƙarfin halin yanzu, da tsawon rayuwa a cikin wannan mahalli mai buƙata. Babban taron na'urar daukar hoto na CT scanner na yau da kullun yana kashe $ 100,000- $ 300,000, yana nuna ƙwarewar injiniyan da ake buƙata.
Abubuwan Bukatun Kulawa da Halayen Sawa
Fahimtar hanyoyin lalacewa da aiwatar da ingantattun hanyoyin kulawa kai tsaye yana shafar zoben zamewa da amincin tsarin goga na carbon da tsawon rayuwa.
Tsarin Sawa Na Al'ada
Gogayen carbon abubuwan da ake amfani da su an tsara su don sawa a hankali yayin da ake adana zoben zamewa masu tsada. A cikin tsarin aiki da kyau, goge-goge suna sawa iri ɗaya a kan fuskar sadarwarsu, suna kiyaye cikakkiyar lamba ta saman zoben zamewa a duk rayuwarsu ta sabis.
Yawan lalacewa na goga na yau da kullun yana kewayo daga 0.1 zuwa 1.0 millimeters a cikin sa'o'i 1,000 na aiki, ya danganta da yawa na yanzu, saurin kewaye, zaɓin kayan aiki, da yanayin muhalli. Goga mai tsayin 50mm mai amfani zai iya ba da sabis na sa'o'i 10,000-50,000 kafin buƙatar sauyawa.
Rigar zoben zamewa tana tafiya a hankali fiye da goge goge lokacin da kayan suka haɗa daidai. Zoben zamewar jan ƙarfe na iya sawa 0.01{4}}0.05mm a cikin sa'o'i 1,000 a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada-kusan kashi 5-10% na ƙimar gogewar goga. Wannan ma'auni na lalacewa yana tabbatar da cewa goge goge yana buƙatar sauyawa sau da yawa kafin zoben zamewa suna buƙatar gyarawa.
Ma'anonin Sakawa marasa Al'ada
Sharuɗɗa da yawa suna nuna matsalolin da ke buƙatar kulawa cikin gaggawa:
Zare: Kyawawan tsagi ko tarkace masu karkace a kusa da saman zoben zamewa suna nuna barbashi da aka saka a fuskokin goga. Barbashi na ƙarfe daga oxidation na zobe ko gurɓatawar waje na iya taurare a fuskokin goga da yanke tsagi a cikin zoben zamewa. Da zarar zaren ya fara, yana haɓaka da sauri yayin da tsagi ke kama tarko da yawa kuma yana mai da hankali ga lalacewa.
Girma: Zurfafa ramukan dawafi da aka sawa cikin zoben zamewa suna nuna matsananciyar goga, rashin daidaituwa, ko haɗin kayan da bai dace ba. Tsagi yana rage ingantaccen wurin tuntuɓar juna kuma yana ƙaruwa da yawa a halin yanzu, mai yuwuwar haifar da zafi fiye da kima da harba wutar lantarki.
Hira: Brush billa ko jijjiga yana haifar da keɓaɓɓen alamomi akan saman zoben zamewa kuma yana nuna matsaloli tare da matsa lamba na bazara, daidaitawar mariƙin goga, ko zamewar zobe. Yin taɗi yana haifar da tsaka-tsakin hulɗar wutar lantarki wanda ke haifar da ƙarar wutar lantarki kuma yana hanzarta goge goge da zobe.
Watsawa: Fitattun tartsatsin wuta a goga - zamewar zoben zamewa suna nuna juriya mai wuce kima, wurin zama mara kyau, ko nauyi na lantarki. Ci gaba da walƙiya da sauri yana lalata duk abubuwan biyu kuma yana iya kunna ƙurar carbon da ta taru a cikin taron.
Tsare-tsare da Tsarin Kulawa
Aikace-aikacen masana'antu yawanci suna aiwatar da hanyoyin kulawa guda uku{0}:
Bincika na yau da kullun ( kowane wata zuwa kwata): Duban gani ba tare da tarwatsawa ba don bincikar tartsatsi mara kyau, hayaniya da ba a saba gani ba, zafi mai yawa, ko tarin ƙurar carbon. Auna tsawon goga don hasashen lokacin sauyawa.
Rigakafin Rigakafi (shekara-shekara ko kowane sa'o'i 2,000-5,000): Tsaftace saman zobe na zamewa da masu riƙe buroshi, duba maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da haɗin wutar lantarki, auna guduwar zoben zamewa da yanayin yanayin ƙasa, maye gurbin goge goge yana gabatowa mafi ƙarancin tsayin yarda.
Babban Gyarawa (Kowane Shekaru 5-10 ko Awanni 20,000-50,000): Cikakken rarrabuwa, gyare-gyaren shimfidar wuri ko maye gurbin, maye gurbin duk goge-goge da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, tabbatar da jeri, gwajin lantarki.
Hanyoyin tsaftacewa suna buƙatar kulawa don kauce wa lalacewa. Dole ne a tsaftace zoben zamewa da lint{1}}kyau da kayan kaushi masu dacewa (yawanci isopropyl barasa don zoben jan karfe). Hanyoyin tsaftacewa masu ɓarna suna haɗarin lalata fina-finan oxide masu fa'ida waɗanda ke tasowa akan zoben zamewa da kyau. Bayan tsaftacewa da maye gurbin goga, tsarin yawanci yana buƙatar "hutu{4}}in" tsawon sa'o'i da yawa ana aiki don sake{5}} kafa yanayi mai kyau.
Iyakance da Madadin Fasaha
Yayin da zoben zamewa da gogayen carbon suna ba da ingantaccen watsa wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin jujjuyawar, suna fuskantar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓaka wasu fasahohin.
Mahimman Iyakoki
Sawa da Kulawa: The zamiya lamba inji babu makawa ya haifar da lalacewa barbashi bukatar lokaci-lokaci musanya kayan da ake cinyewa. Har ma da kyau{1} tsare-tsaren suna tara ƙurar carbon wanda ke haifar da damuwa a cikin tsabtataccen muhalli kamar dakunan gwaje-gwaje ko masana'anta na semiconductor.
Iyakance Gudun GudunMatsakaicin gudu sama da 30-mita 40 a sakan daya yana haifar da ƙalubale ga tsarin gogewar carbon na gargajiya. A babban gudu, centrifugal sojojin, aerodynamic effects, da frictional dumama duk karuwa. Wasu janareta na injin turbin mai sauri sun wuce waɗannan iyakoki, suna buƙatar ƙira na musamman ko madadin fasaha.
Ingancin Isar da sigina: Gogayen carbon suna gabatar da hayaniyar lantarki ta hanyar bambance-bambancen juriyar lamba da micro{0}}arcing. Maɗaukakin sigina - sama da 100 MHz da siginonin analog masu mahimmanci suna fama da lalacewa ta hanyar goga{4}} madaidaicin zoben zamewa. Bukatun sadarwar bayanai na zamani galibi sun wuce abin da ƙirar gargajiya za ta iya dogara da ita.
Hankalin MuhalliMatsanancin yanayin zafi, yanayi mai lalacewa, mahalli masu fashewa, da yanayi mara kyau duk suna ƙalubalantar zoben zamewa na al'ada da tsarin goga na carbon. Kowane matsanancin yanayi yana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman da ƙira waɗanda ke haɓaka farashi da rikitarwa.
Zaɓuɓɓuka Marasa Tuntuɓi masu tasowa
Canja wurin Wutar Lantarki: Inductive hada guda biyu da resonant Magnetic hada guda biyu tsarin watsa iko a kan juyi musaya ba tare da jiki lamba. Waɗannan tsarin suna amfani da juzu'i masu jujjuyawa da a tsaye waɗanda ke kusa da juna don canja wurin wuta ta filayen maganadisu. Tsarin kasuwanci yanzu yana ɗaukar nauyin kilowatts da yawa a cikin tazarar iska na 5{5}}20mm. Koyaya, inganci yawanci jeri 85-95%, kuma fasahar tana gwagwarmaya tare da aikace-aikacen manyan ƙarfi sama da kilowatts 50-100.
Capacitive CouplingCanja wurin wutar lantarki yana amfani da faranti na ƙarfe waɗanda aka raba ta hanyar ɓoye gibba don watsa wutar lantarki ta filayen lantarki maimakon filayen maganadisu. Wannan tsarin yana ba da fa'idodi a wasu aikace-aikacen amma yawanci yana canja wurin ƙasa da ƙarfi fiye da tsarin inductive kuma yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali na girman tazarar iska.
Fiber Optic Rotary Joints: Don watsa bayanai mai girma -, fiber optic rotary gidajen abinci (FORJs) suna amfani da daidaitattun filaye na gani ko na'urorin ruwan tabarau don watsa siginar haske a tsakanin mu'ujizai masu juyawa. FORJs na zamani suna tallafawa ƙimar bayanai da yawa{2}gigabit a sakan daya ba tare da tsangwama na lantarki ba kuma babu damuwa. Duk da haka, ba za su iya watsa wutar lantarki ba kuma suna buƙatar daidaitawa a tsanake don kiyaye haɗin kai na gani.
Rotary Transformers: Don watsa wutar AC, masu juyawa na rotary suna amfani da haɗaɗɗen haɗaɗɗiyar haɗakarwa tsakanin igiyoyi masu tsayayye da jujjuya don canja wurin wuta ba tare da lambobi masu zamewa ba. Waɗannan na'urori sun zama gama gari a cikin masu canza sheƙa maras gogewa da wasu ƙirar motoci na musamman. Har ila yau bangaren jujjuyawa yana buƙatar mai motsi da goge-goge don gyara AC zuwa DC don iskar rotor, don haka fasahar ba ta kawar da goge baki ɗaya ba.
Aikace-aikace-Zaɓin Fasaha ta Musamman
Zaɓin tsakanin zoben zamewa na al'ada tare da gogewar carbon da fasahohin da ba su da alaƙa sun dogara da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen:
Zoben zamewa na al'ada tare da gogewar carbon sun kasance mafi kyau ga: High-power transmission (>50 kW), da'irar wutar lantarki na DC, aikace-aikacen kewayawa da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar duka ƙarfi da sigina, farashi{2}} aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, da tsarin da tabbatar da amincin ke da mahimmanci fiye da kawar da kiyayewa.
Zaɓuɓɓukan da ba su da lamba suna da ma'ana don: Tsaftace muhallin da ƙurar carbon ba ta da karɓuwa, aikace-aikace masu sauri- sun wuce iyakar saurin goga na al'ada, tsarin da ke buƙatar ƙaramar wutar lantarki, aikace-aikacen da samun damar kulawa yana da matukar wahala ko tsada (kamar tsarin da aka rufe ko shigarwar ruwa).
Yawancin tsarin zamani suna amfani da hanyoyin haɗin kai, ta yin amfani da hanyar canja wurin wutar lantarki mara lamba don babban da'irar wutar lantarki yayin da suke riƙe da zoben zamewa na gargajiya da gogewar carbon don ƙananan ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki da da'irori masu sa ido inda tabbataccen dogaro da ƙarancin farashi na fasaha na yau da kullun ke ba da fa'ida.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Me yasa ake amfani da carbon musamman don goge baki maimakon wasu kayan?
Carbon da graphite suna ba da haɗe-haɗe na musamman na kaddarorin da ke sa su dace don aikace-aikacen goga. Suna gudanar da wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata yayin samar da lubrication na halitta wanda ke rage juzu'i da sawa a kan goga da zoben zamewa. Carbon yana jure yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 400 ba tare da narkewa ba, yana jure wa harba wutar lantarki da ke faruwa lokaci-lokaci a wurin sadarwar sadarwa, kuma farashin ƙasa da ƙasa da karafa masu daraja. Lokacin da carbon mai tsafta ba ya samar da isassun ɗabi'a, masana'antun suna haɗa shi da tagulla ko foda na azurfa don haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na yanzu yayin da suke riƙe kaddarorin injina masu fa'ida.
Yaya tsawon lokacin gogewar carbon yawanci ke wucewa kafin maye gurbin?
Tsawon rayuwar goge goge ya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayin aiki. Haske{1} aikace-aikace masu nauyi tare da ƙananan yawa na yanzu da matsakaicin gudu na iya cimma sa'o'in aiki 20,000-50,000. Motocin masana'antu masu nauyi tare da manyan lodi na yanzu suna buƙatar maye gurbin goga kowane awa 2,000-10,000. Masu samar da injin injin iskar da ke aiki a cikin matsananciyar yanayin muhalli na iya buƙatar maye gurbin goga kowace shekara ko kowane sa'o'i 5,000-8,000. Masu sana'anta suna tsara goge goge tare da alamun lalacewa na gani, kuma yawancin shirye-shiryen kiyayewa suna maye gurbin gogewa lokacin da suka lalace zuwa 30-40% na tsawon asali don hana asarar matsin bazara da matsalolin hulɗar lantarki.
Za a iya zamewa zoben zobe da gogewar carbon suna watsa siginar wuta da bayanai a lokaci guda?
Ee, Majalisun zamewar zobe da yawa suna haɗa wutar lantarki da da'irar sigina akai-akai a cikin fakitin injina guda ɗaya. Manya-manyan zobba suna ɗaukar watsa wutar lantarki (sau da yawa 50-1,{3}} amperes), yayin da ƙananan zoben diamita a kan ma'auni guda ɗaya suna ɗaukar siginar sarrafawa, bayanan firikwensin, da siginonin sadarwa. Ƙirar da ta dace tana raba ƙarfi da da'irori na sigina don rage tsangwama na lantarki. Zoben sigina masu garkuwa da tsarin ƙasa a hankali suna ba da damar watsa megawatt lokaci guda{7}}madaidaicin iko da gigabit{9}} siginar bayanai ta hanyar taron zoben zamewa ɗaya. Na'urori masu tasowa na iya haɗa haɗin haɗin fiber na gani na rotary tare da zoben zamewa na gargajiya don tallafawa bayanai masu saurin gaske yayin kiyaye watsa wutar lantarki ta hanyar goge-goge na carbon na al'ada.
Wadanne alamun gargaɗin kulawa ne ke nuna zoben zamewa ko gazawar goga?
Alamomi da yawa suna ba da shawarar matsalolin da ke buƙatar kulawa: walƙiya na bayyane yayin aiki yana nuna alamun rashin amfani da wutar lantarki ko yanayin nauyi; hayaniyar da ba a saba gani ba kamar zance ko ƙulle-ƙulle na nuna al'amuran inji tare da matsa lamba na bazara ko daidaitawa; zafi mai yawa (filayen zafi don taɓawa) yana ba da shawarar juriya mai girma ko rashin isasshen sanyaya; saurin goge goge idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan gogewa na baya zuwa ga gurɓata, rashin daidaituwa, ko zaɓin kayan da bai dace ba; Launi mai duhu ko rami a saman zoben zamewa yana nuna zafi ko harbin wutar lantarki; tara tagulla{0}} kura mai launi maimakon baƙar ƙurar carbon yana nuna zamewar zobe maimakon gogewar goga ta al'ada. Duk waɗannan alamun suna ba da garantin dubawa nan da nan don hana gazawar bala'i da ƙarancin lokaci mai tsada.
Kammalawa
Dangantakar aiki tsakanin zoben zamewa da gogayen carbon suna wakiltar fasaha mai girma da aka tace ta sama da ƙarni na haɓaka aikin injiniya. Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar suna aiki azaman haɗaɗɗiyar tsarin lantarki na musamman da aka ƙera don kiyaye amintattun hanyoyin haɗin lantarki a tsakanin musaya masu juyawa. Ta hanyar zaɓin kayan a hankali, ƙayyadaddun ƙirar injina, da kulawa da ta dace, zoben zamewa da taron goga na carbon suna isar da ingantaccen aiki a cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban daga injin injin injin iska zuwa kayan aikin hoto na likita.
Yayin da fasahohin da ba su da alaƙa da ke fitowa suna magance wasu iyakoki na ƙirar al'ada, mahimman fa'idodin zoben zamewa da gogewar carbon -ƙarar ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin kewayawa da yawa, tabbataccen aminci, da farashi{2} inganci- tabbatar da cewa sun kasance masu dacewa don buƙatar aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Fahimtar yadda waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar ke aiki tare yana bawa injiniyoyi da ƙwararrun ƙwararru damar haɓaka aikin tsarin da haɓaka tsawon rayuwar aiki a jujjuya injinan lantarki.