Zoben Zamewar Turbine na Iska: Zaɓi & Jagorar gazawa

Zoben zamewar injin turbine ƙanana ne dangane da ruwan wukake ko akwatunan gear, amma mugun lamba ɗaya na iya dakatar da na'ura mai yawa megawatt-. Ayyukan su shine don canja wurin wuta, siginonin sarrafawa, da bayanai a cikin mahaɗar juyawa a cikin cibiya, janareta, da kuma wani lokacin taron yaw. Lokacin da canja wurin ya zama marar ƙarfi, sakamakon yawanci yana nunawa a matsayin kurakuran filaye, bayanan firikwensin ɗan lokaci, ko kuma ba a tsara shi ba{3}} ziyarce-ziyarcen sabis na hasumiya - kuma a cikin rukunin yanar gizo, balaguron musanya guda ɗaya na iya tsada fiye da zamewar zoben kanta.

An rubuta wannan jagorar don injiniyoyi, manajojin kadara, da ƙungiyoyin sayayya waɗanda suke buƙatar zaɓaiska injin turbin zamewa zobedon sababbin gine-gine, sake gyarawa, ko maye gurbinsu. Ya ƙunshi inda zoben zamewa ke zaune a cikin injin injin injin, yadda suke kasawa, abin da za a tantance, da kuma yadda ake kwatanta fasahar tuntuɓar ba tare da faɗa cikin tarko na gama gari ba.

Abin da Wind Turbine Slip Rings ke Yi

Zoben zamewa shine ƙirar lantarki da ke barin wutar lantarki da da'irori na sigina su ketare daga madaidaicin firam zuwa mai juyawa. A cikin injin injin injin na zamani{1}, yawanci kuna samun zoben zamewa ɗauke da zirga-zirga iri uku a lokaci ɗaya:

• Ƙarfin wutar lantarki don daidaita kusurwar ruwa
• Sarrafa da siginar amsawa tsakanin tsarin farar da babban mai sarrafawa
• Bayanan firikwensin kamar nau'in ruwa, zafin jiki, girgiza, da gano kankara

Ikon Pitch shine mafi aminci{0}mahimmin tashar ukun.IEC 61400-jeriMatsayin injin turbin iskar yana buƙatar tsarin farar ƙasa don kasancewa masu iya yin feathering ruwan wukake ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, wanda ke nufin zoben zamewa dole ne ya ci gaba da aiki ta hanyar girgiza, sauye-sauyen zafin jiki, ƙanƙara, da miliyoyin juyi a cikin rayuwar ƙira na shekaru 20. Yuro 200 da ke zaune a cikin cibiya na iya yanke shawarar ko injin injin mai karfin 5MW ya samar ko ya zauna yana jiran crane.

Inda Zamewa Zoben Zama a cikin injin Turbine

Dabarun zaɓi ya bambanta ga kowane wuri. Haɗa su - alal misali, ƙayyadaddun ƙirar cibiya ta gama gari don da'irar zazzagewar janareta - yana ɗaya daga cikin kurakurai mafi tsada a cikin wannan rukunin.

Hub Slip Rings (Tsarin Pitch)

Ana ɗora zoben zamewar Hub a kan babban ramin kuma suna juyawa tare da na'ura mai juyi. Suna ɗaukar ikon firikwensin firikwensin (sau da yawa 400-690 V AC ko ƙarfin bas ɗin bas na DC), siginonin sarrafa farar (CANopen, Profibus, ko ka'idojin mallakar mallaka), da ƙarin adadin tashoshi na firikwensin ruwa. Zobba na zamewa galibi manyan ƙira ne- saboda rotor shaft yana ratsa su, kuma dole ne su tsira daga yanayin girgizar da ta fi yawancin kayan aikin masana'anta.

Rings na Zamewa na Generator (Mashinan DFIG)

Sau biyu -ciyoyin induction janareta (DFIGs), wanda har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a cikin jiragen ruwa na kan teku, suna amfani da zoben zamewa a kan na'ura don ciyar da motsin AC na yanzu zuwa iskar rotor. Waɗannan suna ganin babban halin yanzu (yawanci amperes ɗari da yawa), saurin jujjuyawa mafi girma, da mahimman ƙurar ƙurar carbon. Gwargwadon gogewa, ƙarewar saman zobe, matsin bazara, da iskar nacele duk suna shafar rayuwar sabis kai tsaye. Kai tsaye{4}}drive dindindin-Magnet turbines basa buƙatar wannan zamewar zoben kwata-kwata - dalili ɗaya da dandamalin ketare suka matsa zuwa ga tuƙi kai tsaye{7}}.

Yaw Slip Rings

Yawancin manyan injin turbines suna amfani da madauki na USB da tsarin yau da kullun maimakon zoben zamewar yaw, amma ƙananan turbines (yawanci a ƙasa ~ 500 kW) wani lokaci suna amfani da zoben zamewar yaw a saman hasumiya don ba da damar ci gaba da juyawa. Waɗannan suna fuskantar ƙananan saurin gudu amma ƙarin bayyanar muhalli da matsattsen sararin samaniya.
 

Hub vs Generator vs Yaw

Ƙimar da ke sama jeri na gama gari ne daga takaddun bayanan masana'anta da littattafan sabis na OEM; Haƙiƙanin ƙididdiga na injin ku koyaushe ya kamata su fito ne daga takaddun injin turbine da rahotannin gwaji na masu kawo zobe.

Yadda Iskar Turbine Slip Rings A Haƙiƙa ta Fasa

"Rashin zobe na zamewa" nau'i ne marar tabbas. A cikin filin, kusan ko da yaushe matsalolin suna komawa zuwa ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ke ƙasa - kuma kowanne yana nuna wani tsari na daban ko gyarawa.

• Goge lalacewa da ƙura.Carbon da karfe - goge goge na graphite suna haifar da ƙura yayin da suke sawa. Ba tare da samun iska ba, ƙura tana taruwa akan tarin zobe kuma tana haifar da ɗigogi tsakanin zoben da ke kusa, wanda ke nunawa kamar yadda juriya na ke faɗuwa ƙasa da 100 MΩ ko a matsayin ƙasa mai ɓarna{3}} balaguron balaguro.Brush sa alamuyawanci alama ce ta farko da ma'aikacin bincike ya gani.
• Juriya na tuntuɓi.Oxidation, gurɓatawa, ko asarar matsi na bazara yana ƙara juriyar lamba daga milliohms zuwa kewayon ohm. A kan da'irar wutar lantarki wannan yana haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da dumama; a kan ƙaramin layin firikwensin {{1} na yanzu yana ɗaga bene na hayaniya kuma yana iya lalata telegrams na CAN.
• Condensation da lalata.Matsuguni yanayi ne mai ɗanɗano {0} injuna masu dumi, ƙarfe mai sanyi, iskar yanayi. Zuba saman zobe yana biyowa da sauri, musamman a wuraren da ke bakin ruwa da na bakin teku inda gishiri aerosol yake. Don dandamali na ketare, sadaukarwamatakan dogaro na ketareyawanci ana rubuta su cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
• Jijjiga -wanda ya haifar da lalacewa na cabling da haši.Zamewar zoben da kanta na iya zama lafiya, amma igiyoyin pigtail, damuwa, ko gajiyar masu haɗawa a wurin shigarwa. Wannan ya fi gama gari fiye da zobe{1}} gazawar waƙa akan ƙananan jiragen ruwa.
• Lalacewar mai.Wasu ƙira suna amfani da mai mai lamba ko mai hana oxidation. A tsawon lokaci yana yin polymerises ko bushewa, musamman sama da digiri 60 na yanayin zafin nacelle, kuma yanayin hulɗa yana canzawa.
• Rushewar rufi.Bin diddigin gurɓatattun insulators na iya haifar da walƙiya, musamman a kan manyan motocin bas ɗin ƙaramar wutar lantarki-. Wannan gazawa ce mai wuya, ba karkatacciya ba.

Yawancin waɗannan hanyoyin suna sannu a hankali, kuma galibi ana iya gano su yayin binciken da aka tsara - amma kawai idan tsarin binciken da gaske yana auna juriya, juriya, da tsayin goga, maimakon kawai "duba cikin cibiya."
 

Ƙayyadaddun Bukatun Lantarki

Kafin tuntuɓar masu kaya, rubuta ambulaf ɗin lantarki akan takarda. Masu ba da kaya za su nemi ta ta wata hanya, kuma buƙatun{1}don{2}}ƙirar magana (RFQ) tana tafiya da sauri lokacin da aka yanke shawarar amsoshin gaba.

• A halin yanzu kowane da'irar, Dukansu ci gaba da kuma kololuwa (a yanzu filin ajiye motoci na iya zama 3-6 × maras muhimmanci).
• Matsayin ƙarfin lantarkida kuma ko da kewaye ne AC ko DC. Don tsarin 690 V, tabbatar da ko IEC 60664 juzu'in juzu'i na III ko IV ya shafi.
• Yawan wutar lantarkisabaninadadin sigina/da'irorin bayanai, kiyaye daban.
• Ka'idojin sigina- CAN Buɗe, Profibus DP, EtherCAT, Profinet, Ethernet 100/1000 Mbit, ko layukan firikwensin analog. Kowace yarjejeniya tana da jurewar amo daban-daban.
• Kasafin hayaniyar lantarkidon tashoshin firikwensin. Maƙallan ƙira da lodi{1}} ma'aunin ma'auni na fil yawanci suna buƙatar tsabtace matakin millivolt{2};tuntuɓar kula da amoa cikin zoben zamewa wani bangare ne na saduwa da kasafin kudin.
• Insulation da dielectric bukatun- yawanci Yafi ko dai-dai da 1,000 MΩ a 500 V DC don da'irar wutar lantarki, da ƙarfin jurewar gwajin mitoci.
• Ƙasa. Yawancin ƙira sun haɗa da zoben ƙasa daban ko goga; don walƙiya -waɗanda ke da haɗari wannan ba za a iya yin shawarwari ba{2}.

Zaɓin Fasahar Sadarwa

Babu fasahar lamba ɗaya da ta fi dacewa ga kowane aikace-aikacen injin turbin iska. Amsar da ta dace yawanci gauraya ce da ke amfani da fasaha daban-daban don iko da sassan sigina na taro ɗaya.

Carbon da Karfe -Graphite Brushes

Carbon da azurfa - graphite brushes su ne aikin dawakai na mafi girma{1}} aikace-aikace na yanzu - zoben jan hankali na janareta da bas ɗin wutar lantarki. Suna jure wa manyan igiyoyin ruwa, suna karɓar wasu gurɓatawa, kuma ba su da tsada don maye gurbinsu. Sana'ar da aka kashe ita ce ƙura, hayaniya mai ji, da kuma buƙatar bincika tsawon buroshi da matsa lamba na bazara. Thegoga daraja( guduro - carbon, electrographite, karfe -graphite, jan karfe{2}}graphite) yakamata yayi daidai da yawa na yanzu da kayan zobe.

Mafi dacewa da: ikon farar mota, tashin hankali na janareta, ƙasa. Duba don: tara ƙura akan zoben sigina a kusa, matsa lamba na bazara, ƙurar gogewa akan na'urorin gani idan an ɗora su kusa.

Fiber Brush (Multi{0}Filament) Lambobin sadarwa

Zane-zanen goga na fiber yana amfani da dauren gwal mai kyau ko zinariya{0}}wayoyin wayoyi masu hawa kan zoben ƙarfe- mai daraja. Tare da wuraren tuntuɓar juna da yawa da ƙananan ƙarfin tuntuɓar kowane filament, suna haifar da kusan babu tarkace kuma suna da ƙaramar amo. Su ne babban zaɓi na firikwensin da tashoshi na bayanai a cikin zoben zamewa na zamani.

Mafi dacewa da: CAN/Profibus/Ethernet layukan bayanai, siginar firikwensin ruwa, ƙaramin- sarrafawa na yanzu. Duba don: iyakataccen halin yanzu a kowane gunkin filament (yawanci<10 A), higher cost, and sensitivity to chemical contamination on the gold surface.

Monofilament da Noble{0}Karfe Lambobin Waya

Monofilament noble{0}}ƙarfe lambobin (zinari ɗaya ko zinariya{1}}wayar alloy akan zoben ƙarfe mai daraja{2}}ƙarfe) suna zaune a tsakanin gogayen fiber da goga na gargajiya. Suna gama gari a cikin mzoben zamewar al'adamajalisai inda sarari ya matse.

Mafi dacewa da: ƙananan da'irori na sigina na yanzu -, manyan taro. Duba don: platin sawa bayan jujjuyawa mai tsayi sosai, kuma gaskiyar cewa "zinariya{2}plated" ba ta fi kyau kai tsaye - zinari na bakin ciki akan wani abu mai laushi zai iya sawa cikin sauri fiye da ƙayyadaddun azurfa da kyau{4}gorogin graphite.

Haɗin Zane

A cikin zobe na zamewa na yau da kullun, tarin ƙasa yana ɗaukar wutar lantarki akan carbon ko ƙarfe - graphite brushes, tsakiyar tari yana ɗaukar filin{1}} zirga-zirgar bas akan buroshin fiber, babban tari yana ɗaukar ƙananan layukan firikwensin na yanzu akan zinare{3}}akan - lambobin zinare. Earthing yana kan zoben sadaukar da kansa tare da goge goge. Wannan rabuwa ita ce ke ba da damar taro guda ɗaya ya cika buƙatu masu sabani (high current + low amo) a lokaci guda.
 

Ƙayyadaddun Muhalli: Kar a Tsaya a "Grejin Masana'antu"

"Ma'aunin masana'antu" ba ya gaya muku komai mai amfani. Lambobin da ke ƙasa sune waɗanda ke da mahimmanci akan takardar ƙayyadaddun injin injin injin iska.

• Kariyar shiga.Abubuwan da ke cikin Hub yawanci IP54 ne; Nacelles na teku da fallasa zoben zamewar yaw yawanci suna buƙatar IP65 ko sama. DubaFassarar ƙimar IPga abin da lambobi a zahiri garanti.
• Yanayin aiki.Matsakaicin ma'auni shine -40 zuwa digiri na +70 na kan tekun arewa{2}}shafukan yanayi, -20 digiri zuwa +60 digiri don matsananciyar shafukan yanar gizo, da kuma narkar da ruwa{5}} ana sarrafa shi don waje. Sanyi - bambance-bambancen yanayi yana buƙatar tabbatar da mai a ƙananan zafin jiki.
• Danshi95 % RH ba -condensing shine mafi ƙarancin ƙima; don shafukan da ke da ƙazanta na yau da kullum, ana iya buƙatar dumama ciki.
• Gishiri{0}} juriya.Ya kamata injin turbin na bakin teku da na bakin teku su yi la'akari da IEC 60068{2}}2-52 ko ISO 9227 gwajin fesa gishiri akan sassa na ƙarfe da masu haɗawa.
• Jijjiga.IEC 60068-2-6 sinusoidal da 2-64 bayanan martaba na bazuwar maki na gama gari ne; mai kaya ya kamata ya samar da rahotannin gwaji, ba da'awar tallace-tallace ba.
• Walƙiya da karuwa.Ƙwayoyin zamewa suna zaune akan hanyar da ke iya ganin igiyoyin walƙiya kai tsaye. Ya kamata a yarda da juriya a gaba.

TheShirin binciken iska na National Renewable Energy Laboratoryyana fitar da fage masu amfani{0}}bayanin dogaro da ke nuna cewa tsarin fira da lantarki sun kasance cikin mafi girma{1}rashin kasawa{2}}tsararru a cikin manyan jiragen ruwa - wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yakamata waɗannan lambobin muhalli su kasance cikin kwangilar, ba cikin alƙawarin magana ba.

Matsalolin Makanikai da Haɗin kai

Ayyukan sake fasalin sun gaza akan dacewa da injina sau da yawa fiye da aikin lantarki. Kafin amincewa da ƙira, tabbatar:

• Cire diamita da diamita na waje akan ambulan da ke akwai a cikin cibiya ko nacelle
• Haƙuri na shaft, runout, da ba da izinin tattara hankali
• Hanyar fita ta kebul (axial vs radial) da nau'in haɗin haɗi - da yawa injina suna da iyakataccen radius na lanƙwasa na USB
• Tsarin hawan flange da jujjuyawar hannu
• Nauyi da ma'auni don juyawa majalisai
• Samun damar sabis - mai fasaha zai iya isa ga taga goga tare da injin turbin a matsayin sabis?

A aikace, don yawancin ayyukan sake gyarawa da ƙarfafawa, ƙayyadaddun injin suna yanke shawarar ƙira kafin na lantarki suyi. Wato lokacin da mai daidaitawa ko cikakken taron al'ada ya fi hankali fiye da tilasta sashin kasida ya dace.

Abin da za a Aika mai kaya

RFQ mai tsabta yana rage zagayowar zagayowar daga makonni zuwa kwanaki. Mai kaya yana buƙatar duk waɗannan abubuwan don ƙira ko zaɓi zoben zamewa:

Takaitawa: Bi da Zaɓin Zaɓuɓɓuka na Zamewa azaman ƙudirin dogaro

Zoben zamewar injin turbin da ya dace shine wanda ya dace da ambulan lantarki na injin injin, ya tsira daga muhallinsa, ya dace da sararin injina, kuma yana goyan bayan ingantaccen tsarin kulawa sama da shekaru 20. Yawancin kuɗin samun wannan kuskure ba a siye ba ne amma a lokacin ziyarar hasumiya ta farko da ba a shirya ba.

Ƙayyade buƙatun lantarki, muhalli, da injina kafin magana da masu kaya. Nemi rahotannin gwaji, ba taken ba. Keɓantaccen wutar lantarki da fasahar tuntuɓar siginar duk inda taron ya ba shi damar. Kuma ga wuraren da ke bakin teku ko na bakin teku, ɗauki lalata da rufewa da mahimmanci fiye da zaɓin kayan tuntuɓar - gishiri yakan ci nasara a muhawara kafin goga ya yi.